Identifying Assumptions & Drawing Conclusions
Isa sa pinakamahirap na bahagi ng CSE Professional Analytical Ability ay ang paghihiwalay sa Given Fact (Premise), Hidden Assumption, at Conclusion. Sa paksang ito, matututunan mo ang Bridge Principle at Negation Test para hindi ka na kailanman malito sa mga ito.
- Maipaliwanag ang malinaw na pagkakaiba ng Fact (Premise), Assumption, at Conclusion.
- Magamit ang Bridge Principle at Negation Test para mahanap ang nakatagong Assumption sa isang argumento.
- Makabuo ng lohikal na Conclusion nang hindi nagdadagdag ng sariling opinyon o outside assumptions.
- Maiwasan ang mga tempting distractors gaya ng Irrelevant Comparisons, Extreme Statements, at Reversed Cause-and-Effect.
Fact (Premise) vs. Assumption vs. Conclusion
Alamin kung alin ang nakasulat na ebidensya, alin ang nakatagong tulay, at alin ang pinapatunayan.
Bawat argumento sa CSE Analytical Ability ay binubuo ng tatlong bahagi:
Ang 3 Bahagi ng Argumento
- 1. Fact / Premise (Ebidensya): Ang direktang impormasyon o obserbasyon na ibinigay sa pahayag (madalas may signal na Because, Since, Given that). Tanggapin ito bilang 100% totoo.
- 2. Conclusion (Ang Ipinaglalaban / Claim): Ang pangwakas na hatol, rekomendasyon, o resulta na gustong patunayan ng nagsasalita (madalas may signal na Therefore, Thus, Hence, Consequently, Should, Must).
- 3. Assumption (Ang Nakatagong Tulay / Unstated Premise): Ang hindi binanggit na paniniwala ng nagsasalita na nagdurugtong sa Fact at Conclusion.
Paano Mahanap ang Nakatagong Assumption (Bridge + Negation Test)
Dalawang subok na paraan para makasigurado sa Assumption questions.
Ang Negation Test (Subok-Baligtad Technique)
Halimbawa: "Maglalagay ng bike lanes ang lungsod (Fact), kaya mababawasan ang air pollution (Conclusion)."
• Subukang i-negate ang Choice: "Paano kung WALANG gagamit ng bike lanes at hindi mababawasan ang sasakyan?" → Guguho agad ang conclusion na mababawasan ang air pollution! Kaya ang assumption ay: Maraming commuters ang lilipat sa paggamit ng bisikleta dahil sa bike lanes.
Sample CSE Identifying Assumptions Question
'To eliminate long queues at the licensing center, the agency launched an online appointment system this month. Therefore, applicants will no longer experience waiting times of more than thirty minutes at the licensing center.'
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
Drawing Conclusions: Paano Pumili ng Ligtas at Lohikal na Konklusyon
Huwag lumampas sa sinasabi ng ebidensya!
Kapag ang tanong ay "Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the passage?", ang hinahanap mo ay ang pahayag na 100% napatutunayan kapag pinagsama ang mga ibinigay na facts.
Sample CSE Drawing Conclusions Question
'In Department M, only employees who have completed the Advanced Supervisory Course are eligible for promotion to Division Chief. Furthermore, every employee who completed the Advanced Supervisory Course has served in the agency for at least five years. Marco was promoted to Division Chief yesterday.'
Based ONLY on the statements above, which conclusion must be true?
Only A are B ay isinusulat bilang If B, then A.
Short Recap: Identifying Assumptions & Drawing Conclusions
- Fact (Premise) = Ebidensyang nakasulat; Conclusion = Claim na pinapatunayan; Assumption = Nakatagong tulay na nagdurugtong sa Fact at Conclusion.
- Sa Assumption questions, hanapin ang pagtalon ng konsepto mula sa Premise papuntang Conclusion at gamitin ang Negation Test.
- Sa Conclusion questions, pagdugtungin lang ang ibinigay na facts at iwasan ang anumang impormasyong wala sa sitwasyon.
- I-cross out agad ang choices na may Extreme Words (all, automatic, never, only) kung hindi ito direktang sinusuportahan ng rules.
Want Another Explanation?
Sometimes, learning a topic becomes easier when you hear it explained in a different way. Here are some independently selected videos that may help you understand this lesson better.
YouTube
CIVIL SERVICE EXAM | Analytical Ability: Identifying Assumption and Conclusion | CSE Online Reviewer
Explains the difference between unstated necessary assumptions and logically entailed conclusions, with worked CSE-style argument items.
These videos are independently selected by ToolBayan for supplementary educational purposes. All videos remain the property of their respective creators and channels. ToolBayan is not affiliated with, sponsored by, or officially endorsed by the featured creators or channels.
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